Pinball Science

Cheats

You can enter "spoil" to answer any of the questions. Also, during the game, pressing F11 will enable a cheat whereby pressing letters A to L (as they appear on the keyboard, not alphabetically) will place the ball in strategic positions on the table.

Answers to Questions

(One note: on the question "What is the invisible field of force around a magnet called?", in some games there is a glitch, and the game will ONLY accept the answer: "a magnetic field".)

How high were the Saturn 5 rockets used in the Apollo missions? (111 meters,111 m,111m,111 metres,one hundred and eleven meters,one hundred and eleven metres)

How high above the Earth did the first stage of a Saturn V rocket travel? (60 km,60km,60 kilometers,sixty kilometers,sixty km,37 miles,60 kilometres,sixty kilometres)

Which part of the Apollo craft did the astronauts live in while travelling to the moon? (command module)

Which stage of a Saturn five rocket was used to knock the craft out of orbit around the Earth? (the third,third,third stage,the third stage)

What was the rear section of the Apollo command module called? (service module)

In which year did the Apollo program end? (1972,nineteen seventy two,nineteen seventy-two)

What is the distance between the Earth and the Moon, measured in kilometers? (384 400 km,384400 km,384400km,384400 kilometers,384400 kilometres

The two parts of the Apollo craft to go into lunar orbit were the command module and which other module? (lunar,the lunar module,lunar module)

What speed did the Apollo command module reach while returning through Earth's atmosphere? (30 000 kph,30000 kph,30000kph,30000 kilometers per hour,thirty thousand kilometers per hour,30000 kilometres per hour,thirty thousand kilometres per hour)

How long were the Apollo command modules? (3 meters,3m,three meters,3 m,3 metres,three metres)

Solar cells change ____ energy into electricity. (light,light energy,the sun's,the sun's energy,the suns energy,the suns)

Solar panels contain thousands of tiny cells made of what? silicon (silicone,silcon,silicen,sillicon)

Solar panels are positioned so that they always face the ____ . (sun,sunlight,light,sun light,the sun)

Electricity is a form of what? (energy,of energy,a form of energy)

Electricity can flow along ____ to where it is needed. (wires,cables,circuits)

Electricity is easily changed into other forms of what? (energy,of energy)

What are the closed loops that electric current can flow in called? (circuits,a circuit)

What are solar cells also known as? (light-voltage,photovoltaic,light-voltage cells,light voltage cells)

Sunshine falling on the roads in the US in one year contains ____ as much energy as the coal and oil used in a year worldwide. (twice,two times,2 times)

In space, large solar panels provide the electricity for what?" (satellites,satellite stations,space stations)

What is electricity flowing along a wire called? (electric current,current,current electricit)

What unit is used to measure electrical current? (amperes,amps,the ampere,the amp,A (amps) )

What material is used to make the cells in a solar panel? silicon (sillicon,silicone,silcon,sillercon,silacon)

Solar panels are made up of thousands of tiny ___. (cells,tiny cells)

What form do electric motors change energy into? (motion,movement,kinetic,kinetic energy)

The Sun is as important non-polluting and ___ energy source. (renewable,alternative)

What do bulbs change electricity into? (light,light energy)

What is the amp the unit of measurement for? (electric current,current,current electricity)

Does solar energy cause pollution? (no)

Most electric currents consist of a stream of particles called what? (electrons)

On the oceans, solar cells are used to power ____. (navigation buoys,buoys)

What must something have if it is to create a gravitational force? (mass,a mass)

Does the Earth have a mass? (yes,y,yup,yeah,ooh yes)

Do things weigh more or less on the Moon than they do on Earth? (less,not as much,they weigh less,less on the moon,weigh less,less weight,lighter)

Will two objects have a stronger gravitational effect on each other if they are close together or far away from each other? (close,near,closer,nearer,close together,closer together)

The death of a very heavy what can lead to the formation of a black hole? (star,stars,a star)

Does any object that has a mass exert a gravitational force? (yes,y,yup,ooh yes,yes indeedy,it does,yes it does)

The greater the force of gravity, the more you will what? (weigh,you weigh,will weigh,you will weigh)

The greater an object's mass, the more other objects will be attracted to it by which force? (gravity,by gravity,gravitational,gravitational force"

What does gravity give you, which stops you from drifting into space? (weight,gives you weight,your weight)

Even the lightest objects attract each other because of which force? (gravity,gravitational,force of gravity,gravitational force)

A star is called dead when it stops doing what? (burning,stops burning,burns)

A black hole sucks in light because its force of what is so strong? (gravity,gravitational,force of gravity)

What is the point after which nothing can escape from a black hole called? (event horizon,the event horizon,an event horizon)

When a dead star collapses, it makes an extremely what object?" (dense,heavy,dense object)

At the center of a black hole, time comes to a what? (complete halt,complete stop,a halt,a complete halt,a complete stop,a stop,stops,halts)

To escape from a black hole, something would have to travel faster than what? (faster than light,faster than the speed of light,light,than light)

Is it possible for anything to travel faster than light? (No,n,impossible,its impossible,it's impossible,no it's not)

The ____ the mass of an object, the more other objects are attracted to it by gravity? (greater,larger,bigger)

Are planets farther away from the Sun more or less affected by the Sun's gravitational pull than planets close to it? "(less,lesser effect,lesser)

How dense is the matter at the centre of a black hole? (infinitely,infinitely dense,of infinite density)

What force keeps the Earth and other planets orbiting the Sun? (gravity,the force of gravity,force of gravity,gravitational)

When a boat is in water, the water pushes against it with an upward what? (force,an upward force,a force,upward force)

As a boat pushes down on water, the water pushes back. What is this force called? (upthrust,up-thrust)

Some substances float while others sink because they have different what? (densities,density)

Will a solid lump of any material sink if it has a higher density than water? (Yes,y,yes it will,ooh yes,yeah,yup)

What material is used to build most of the big ships at sea today? (steel )

What is the line on the side of a ship that shows how far it can be safely filled called? (Plimsoll,Plimsoll line,Plimsoll lines,the Plimsoll line,a Plimsoll line)

What makes up a large part of the volume of a ship? (air,it is air,it's air)

Will an object float or sink if it has a greater density than water? (sink,it will sink,it sinks,sinks)

If the overall weight of something is lower than the weight of the water it displaces, will it float? (yes,y,yes it will,it'll float,you betcha)

Is it easy or difficult to make cork float in water? (easy,easier)

According to Archimedes' principle, what is equal to the weight of the water that a boat displaces? (upthrust,up thrust,up-thrust,the upthrust,the size of the upthrust)

If a boat's weight is greater than the upthrust it generates, will it float or sink? (sink,it will sink,it sinks,sinks)

If the water level rises above a ship's Plimsoll line, there is a danger that what might happen to the ship? (it might sink,it could sink,sink,of it sinking,of sinking,sinking)

Action and reaction forces are equal in strength, but act in what? (opposite directions)

What is the opposing force created by an action force called? (reaction force,reaction,a reaction force)

What is the force exerted on water by the oars of a rowing boat called? (action force,the action force,an action force)

Is a reaction force stronger than, weaker than or equal to the action force it opposes? (equal to,equal,it's equal to it,equal to it)

When a boat is in water, the size of the upthrust is equal to the weight of water that the hull does what to? (displaces,pushes aside,displaces )

When a boat is in water, what force is equal to the weight of water displaced by the hull? (upthrust,the upthrust)

According to Archimedes' principle, the size of the upthrust is equal to what property of the water that the boat displaces? (weight,the weight,its weight,the weight of the water)

The upthrust on a boat is a reaction force. What force exerted by the boat is it acting against? (weight,the weight,the boat's weight,the weight of the boat,the boats weight)

What is the special property that a compass needle has called? (magnetism,it is magnetic,magnetic)

In which year did people first land on the Moon? (1969,nineteen sixty nine,nineteen sixty-nine)

How many Apollo missions landed on the Moon before the program ended? (six,6,6 Apollo missions,six apollo missions,6 missions,six missions)

What sort of rocket was used to launch the Apollo moon missions? (saturn,saturn 5,saturn five,saturn V)

How many stages were there in a Saturn V rocket? (3,three,3 stages,three stages)

How many astronauts landed on the moon in the Apollo lunar module? (2,two,a pair)

Which part of the Apollo craft actually landed on the Moon? (lunar module,the lunar module)

How long did astronauts stay on the moon before taking off again? (a few days,few days,a couple of days,3 days)

Where were the Saturn V rockets used in the Apollo missions launched from? (Cape Kennedy,Cape Canaveral,Florida,Cape Canaveral, Florida,Cape Canaveral in Florida)

How much equipment could a Saturn 5 rocket carry into space? (140 tons,140 tonnes,one hundred and forty tonnes,one hundred and forty tons)

Which part of the Apollo craft stayed in orbit round the Moon while the lunar module landed? (command module)

Each stage of a Saturn V rocket would fall away after it had used up all its what? (fuel,all its fuel,its fuel)

What is something that has the property of magnetism called? (magnet,a magnet,magnetic)

Is the Earth a magnet? (Yes,Y,yes it is,ooh yes,definitely)

How many poles does a magnet have? (2,two)

A magnetic field is an invisible field of what? (force,a force)

What are the two places on a magnet that attract objects most strongly called? (poles,the poles,its poles,north and south poles,the north and south poles,its north and south poles)

If you bring the north pole of one magnet next to the north pole of another, will they be attracted or repelled? (repelled)

Do the poles on one magnet have an effect on another magnet if brought close to it? (yes,y,ooh yes,yes they do")

In which direction will a compass needle always line up? (north-south,northsouth,north/south,north south,north)

What is the invisible field of force around a magnet called? (magnetic field ,a magnetic field,its magnetic field,the magnetic field,magnetic)

The Earth is like a giant magnet, with its own what? (magnetic field,magnetism,magnetic force)

If the domains of a magnet become jumbled up, will it still be magnetic? (No,n,nope,nup,no it wont,no way,uh uh

The Earth's magnetic field is caused by the iron ___ at the center of the Earth? (core,iron core,the iron core)

Like poles repel, but what do unlike poles do? (attract "attarct,atract,unrepel,not repel)

A magnetic substance like iron is made up of tiny groups of atoms, that act like magnets. What are they called? (domains,a domain,they are domains)

When an object is magnetized, all its domains face the same what? (direction,way)

A compass needle points north because it is what? (magnetic,a magnet,magnet)

If you bring the unlike poles of two magnets together, will they attract or repel each other? (attract,attract each other,they will attract)

Is the Earth's magnetic field strong enough to attract magnetic materials? (No,n,oh no,no, it's not,nope)

Can objects containing iron or nickel be affected by a magnetic field? (Yes,y,yup,oh yes,yah,yeah)

The Earth's geographical north is not quite the same as what other North? (Magnetic,magnetic north)

Gears are used to transmit motion and what? (force)

What do all gears need to make them work? (energy)

When gears speed up or slow down a turning movement, do they change the amount of force transmitted? (Yes,y,ooh yes,yeah,yup,yah)

What force is the main reason for gears losing energy? (friction,the force of friction,frictional)

Grease and oil are both used as what? (lubricants,lubrication,lubricant)

Friction is a force that resists what? (motion,movement,moving)

What sort of gear has the same name as a creature that lives underground? (worm gear,worm,a worm,a worm gear,the worm,the worm gear)

A rack and pinion gear turns what sort of motion into back and forth motion? (turning,turning motion)

What kind of gear has wheels that interlock at an angle? (bevel,bevel gear,a bevel gear)

What kind of gear does a car window winder use? (rack and pinion gear,rack and pinion,a rack and pinion gear)

The speed at which one gear turns another depends on the what of the gears? (size,ratio)

Gears create less friction if they are ___ and free of dirt. (smooth,clean)

What kind of gear has a screw thread? (worm,worm gear,the worm gear,a worm,a worm gear)

The tiny gears found inside a wind-up watch are what sort of gears? (spur,spur gears)

What force prevents gears from having perfect efficiency? (friction,frictional,frictional force,force of friction)

Is an object moving through the air affected by friction? (yes,y,yeah,yup)

One advantage of a worm gear is that it doesn't take up much what? (space,room,much space)

What kind of gears change the direction of a machine's turning motion? (bevel gears,bevel,worm,worm gears)

Imagine a big gear with 20 teeth turning a small gear with 5 teeth. Does the small gear turn faster, slower, or at the same speed as the big gear? (faster,quicker,more quickly,faster speed)

Does a high speed gear have a greater or lesser turning force than a low speed gear? (lesser,lesser force,smaller ,smaller force,weaker,lesser turning force,less,less force)

A set of gears with a ratio of 4:1 connect a handle to an axle. If you turn the handle 8 times, how many times will the axle turn? (2,two,twice)

Which is denser, hot air or cold air? (cold,cold air,coldair)

Is a ship less dense or more dense than the water it floats in? (less dense,less)

What is used to heat the air that lifts a hot-air balloon? (a burner,burner,the burner)

Which force pulls air toward the Earth? (gravity,gravitational,the force of gravity,force of gravity)

What shape are most airships? (rugbyball-shaped,rugby ball shaped,rugby football shaped,like a rugby ball,rugby-ball shaped,rugby ball,rugger ball,like a rugger ball)

What is a balloon with rudder, propeller, and elevators called? (airship,an airship,airships)

Balloon pilots have bags of water they can throw out of the balloon to make it rise. What are these bags called? (ballast,ballast bags,the ballast,a ballast bag)

Does air density increase or decrease with height? (decrease,gets less,gets lower,it decreases,decreases)

An object will float if it has less mass than the volume of air it displaces. Whose principle is this? (Archimedes',Archimedes,Archimedes' principle,Archimedes principle)

Will an object float in air if it has a greater mass than the same volume of air? (no,n,nah,nope)

What is an upward current of warm air called? (thermal,a thermal)

Airships are usually rugby ball shaped so that they create less what? (drag,air resistance,

What happens to the density of the atmosphere as you get higher up? (it decreases,it gets less,reduces,varies,decreases,gets less)

Is the density of air near the ground high or low compared to its density higher up? (High ,high,higher)

Is air higher up in the atmosphere less dense because there is less, or more, air above it? (less,less air)

Which is more dense - hot air or cold air? (cold air,cold,cold air is)

What will happen to a hot air balloon when the air inside it cools? (descend,it will descend,go down,it descends)

You can find the density of an object by dividing its mass by which other quality? (volume,its volume)

Can Archimedes' Principle be applied to substances other than air? (yes,right,y,yup,yeah)

What is used to steer an airship from side to side? (rudder,a rudder,the rudder)

An object's mass divided by its volume gives its what? (density,its density,the density)

Meteors are fragments of what material that burn up as they fall toward Earth? (rock,rocks)

The asteroid belt is between Mars and which other planet? Jupiter

Asteroids are lumps of what? (rock,stone,space rock)

What causes meteors to burn up as they fall through Earth's atmosphere? (friction,frictional,frictional force,heat,heat from friction,the force of friction

Do objects from space often hit the Earth's atmosphere? (yes,y,often,frequently,quite frequently,every day)

How many people have been recorded as killed by falling meteorites in the last thousand years? (none,no-one,nobody,no one,0,zero)

Which body do most of the rocks in the asteroid belt orbit? (sun,the sun)

What is the region between Mars and Jupiter where rocks orbit the sun called? (asteroid,asteroid belt,the asteroid belt)

Copernicus is one of the most prominent of which kind of feature found on the Moon? (craters,crater,a crater,the craters)

How long ago did the moon form? (About 4.5 billion years ago,4.5 billion years ago,about 4.5 billion years,4.5 billion years,4 1/2 billion years ago)

The crater Copernicus was formed when the Moon was struck by a large what? (meteorite,a meteorite,a large meteorite)

How old is the crater Copernicus on the Moon? (800 million years old,800 million years,eight hundred million years,800 million)

What are the less common kind of meteorite made up of? (metal,mostly metal,mostly of metal)

What is the name of the biggest meteorite crater to be found on Earth so far? Chicxulub

What sort of systems are scientists working on to look out for large bodies that might collide with Earth? (radar,radar systems,radar system)

What are asteroids sometimes called? (the minor planets,minor planets,minor planet,a minor planet)

How much of the Earth's surface is covered by water? (two-thirds,two thirds,0.666666666666667)

How long ago is a meteorite thought to have struck Chicxulub? (65 million years,65 million years ago)

The Moon's craters are still visible today because the Moon has no planetary activity or what? (atmosphere,the atmosphere,no atmosphere)

Many of the craters on the Moon are so large they can be seen with what? (naked eye,the eye,the naked eye,without a telescope,your eyes,your naked eye)

A meteorite strike may have caused the dinosaurs to die out by blocking out what? (the Sun,the sunlight,light,the light,sunlight)

What is a substance used to reduce friction called? (lubricant,a lubricant,the lubricant)

What force can you reduce using oil or grease? (friction,frictional,frictional force,the force of friction)

Which force makes it hard to start objects moving? (friction,frictional,frictional force,the force of friction)

Does air friction (drag) increase or decrease as an objects motion gets faster? (increase,increases,it increases)

In general, do smooth or rough surfaces create more friction? (rough surfaces,rough,rough ones)

Do liquids and gases create friction? (Yes,y,yup,yeah)

A good lubricant not only reduces friction but helps carry what away? (heat,unwanted heat,heat energy)

What kind of energy does friction turn kinetic energy into? (heat energy,sound energy,heat,sound)

How many types of frictional force work on a moving object? (two,2)

What is ""drag"" another name for? (air friction,air resistance)

What kind of energy do all moving things have? (kinetic,kinetic energy)

Do oil and grease make good lubricants? (yes,y,yeah,yup)

Do rubber shoe soles create a lot of friction or little friction? (ots,a lot,a lot of friction,lots of friction,lot of friction)

What sort of energy is produced by friction and used to light a match? (heat,heat energy)

To start one object moving over another, you need to use enough what to overcome the friction between the objects? (force,enough force)

Is it easier to move an object if you make its surface area smaller? (no,n,nope,nah)

What kind of energy does friction reduce in a moving object? (kinetic,kinetic energy)

What is the scientific name for air friction? (drag,aerodynamic drag)

Is it usually easier to slide something or roll it? (roll it,roll,roll something,to roll it)

Which force is used to make heat energy when lighting a match? friction

When you rub your hands together, friction produces what? (heat,heat energy,hot hands,warm hands,warmth)

What is the huge movement of air caused by an explosion called? (shock wave,a shock wave,the shock wave)

What is the oldest known explosive? (gunpowder,gun powder,gun-powder)

Name one ingredient of gunpowder. (sulfur,charcoal,saltpeter,potassium nitrate,salt peter,saltpetre,sulphur)

Does gasoline make a good explosive? (No,n,nope,nah,nup)

What do most things do when they explode? (go bang,bang,make a noise,create a shock wave,make a shock wave)

High explosives release energy very _____. (very quickly,rapidly,quickly)

Gunpowder is a mixture of charcoal, sulfur and what other ingredient? (saltpeter,saltpetre,salt peter)

An explosion is a large volume of expanding ___. (gas,gases,expanding gas,air,expanding gases)

What is happening to air when we hear sound? (vibrates,shakes,vibrates rapidly,it is vibrating,vibrating,it vibrates)

What kind of force needs to be applied to start a chemical reaction in dynamite? (shaking,shake,a shake,shaking force,shaking energy,shake it,shaking it)

What are high-power explosives also known as? (high explosives,high explosive)

All explosions create a huge, sudden movement of ____. (air,gases,gas)

Where is the energy in an explosive stored? (atoms,its atoms,in their atoms,in its atoms,in the atoms,in atoms)

What component of air makes the metals sodium, potassium, and caesium too dangerous to use as explosives? (water,water vapor,water vapour,watervapor)

What is a small piece of explosive used to trigger a bigger explosion called? (detonator,A detonator,the detonator)

To create a shockwave, exploding gases move faster than sound. True or false? (True,yes)

What happens to the bonds between atoms when a substance explodes? (they break apart,they break,break,break apart,they are broken,broken,breaks)

Does the shockwave from an explosion travel in all directions or just one direction? (all directions,all,many)

How many joules of energy are there in a kilo of dynamite? (six million,6 million,6000000,6 000 000,6 million joules,6000000J,6000000 J)

What is the potential energy stored in explosives sometimes called? (chemical,chemical energy)

Sound, like light, is a type of what? (energy,of energy)

All sounds are caused by what? (vibrations,vibration,vibrating,objects vibrating)

What is the distance between two areas of high pressure in a soundwave called? (wavelength,the wavelength,the wavelength of the sound,its wavelength)

Soundwaves are waves of high and low ____ created by a vibrating object. (pressure,air pressure,high and low pressure)

Which part of your ear vibrates when you hear a sound? (eardrum,your eardrum,ear drum,your ear drum,the ear-drum,the eardrum,an eardrum)

What builds up in front of an airplane travelling faster than the speed of sound? (pressure,high pressure,an area of high pressure)

How fast, in miles per hour (mph), does sound travel through the air? (760 mph,760 miles per hour,760mph,760,seven hundred and sixty)

What kind of energy is stored in a bell? (potential,potential energy)

What shape is the shock wave that spreads out in front of an airplane travelling faster than sound? (cone,a cone,conical,cone-shaped,shaped like a cone

When a bell is struck, its potential energy becomes ____ energy. (kinetic,movement,kinetic energy)

What is the number of times that an object vibrates in one second called? (frequency,the frequency,a frequency,its frequency)

How many wavelengths apart are neighbouring areas of high pressure in a sound wave? (one,1,one wavelength,1 wavelength)

What does the bell start to do when struck by the ball? (vibrating,to vibrate,vibrating rapidly)

When you hear a sound, sensitive cells in your ear pick up the movements of your eardrum and produce what? (electrical signals,signals,electrical impulses)

What is the loud bang created by an airplane travelling faster than the speed of sound called? (a sonic boom,sonic boom,the sonic boom)

A loudspeaker creates high ____ by pushing air forward with its paper cone. (pressure,high pressure)

Does sound reach your brain as kinetic energy or electrical energy? (electrical,electrical energy,as electrical energy)

As an airliner travels forward through the air, its nose creates an area of what? (high pressure,pressure,compressed air,high air pressure)

When a bell vibrates it creates a ____ wave that we hear as sound. (pressure,sound,pressure wave)

What unit is used to measure frequency? (hertz,Hz,Hz (hertz),hertz (Hz))

What is the speed of sound (measured in miles per hour) in water? (3400 mph,over 3400 mph,3400mph,over 3400mph 3400 miles per hour)

A rocket works because of an important principle of forces called action and what? (reaction,action and reaction)

Rockets are used to send satellites and what else into space? (astronauts,people,cosmonauts)

Can you overcome gravity on your own? (No,n,nope,nah)

The ____ you make an object go when you throw it upward, the higher it will travel before it starts to come down again? (faster,more quickly,more rapidly)

Some rockets burn solid fuels while others burn what sort of fuels? (liquid,liquid fuel,liquid fuels)

An object can never escape from the Earth's gravitational pull. True or false? (False,No,untru)

The force with which a rocket moves away from the Earth must be greater than the force of what? (gravity,the Earth's gravity,the Earth's gravitational pull,Earth's gravity,Earths gravity)

What are used to steer a spacecraft? (small rocket engines,rocket engines,rockets,small rockets,thrusters)

What force is usually used on earth to steer vehicles? (friction,frictional force)

What is the law of action and reaction also known as? (Newton's third law,newtons third law,Newton's 3rd law,newtons 3rd,newton's 3rd,newtons third)

To slow a spacecraft down, the pilot can fire rockets facing in which direction? (forwards,forward)

Does the pull of gravity become weaker or stronger as an object gets further away from earth? (weaker,weak,gets weaker)

In which form does rocket fuel store energy? (chemical,chemical energy,as chemical energy)

What substance needs to be present if fuel is to burn? (oxygen,air)

The faster you make an object go when you throw it upward, the ____ it will travel before it starts coming down again. (higher,further,farther,longer,greater the distance)

A rocket has to carry its own oxygen because in space there is none of which substance? (oxygen,air)

Which is easier to control - a liquid-fueled rocket or a solid-fueled rocket? (a liquid-fueled rocket,liquid-fueled rocket,the liquid-fueled rocket,liquid fuel,liquid fueled,a liquid fueled rocket,liquid,liquid-fueled)

A rocket's fuel tanks have to be kept very ____ in order to keep its fuel in a liquid state. (cool,cold,chilled)

What substance is burned with oxygen in the space-shuttle's liquid-fueled rockets? hydrogen

The hot exhaust gases created by burning rocket fuel ____ before escaping through the exhaust nozzle. "expand,expand rapidly"

If a force works in one direction, which direction will its reaction force work in?" "opposite,other,the opposite,the opposite direction"

What orbit is easiest for a satellite to reach? "low orbit,low,a low orbit"

How many satellites in geostationary orbit does it take to view the entire globe? "3,three"

What kind of satellites can be used to help you find your way? "navigation satellites,navigation,navigation satellite"

Signals are sent to satellites from Earth using dish-shaped what? "aerials,antennae"

What kind of satellites are used to measure air and sea temperatures? "weather,meteorological,weather satellites,weather satellite"

The main function of a satellite is to send and receive what? "signals,information,data"

A satellite has ____ which convert sunlight into electricity. "solar panels,solar cells"

What is a satellite that remains over the same part of the world called? "geostationary,geostationary satellite,a geostationary satellite,a "

Which type of orbit is preferred for spy satellites? "polar,polar orbit"

How long does it take for a satellite in geostationary orbit to circle the Earth? "24 hours,twenty four hours,twentyfour hours,twenty-four hours,one day,1 day,a day"

How far above the Earth is a satellite in low orbit? "300 km,300km,about 300km,about 300 km,300 kilometers,about 300 kilometers,300 kilometres"

A satellite is anything in space that ____ something else. "orbits,circles,travels around"

What is a natural satellite of the Earth? "moon,the moon"

Satellites are placed in different ____ according to the job they do. "orbits,places"

What is an orbit that passes over the North and South Poles called? "a polar orbit,polar orbit,polar,"

Images from satellites in polar orbits are useful in producing what? "maps,charts,maps and charts,charts and maps"

Geostationary satellites complete one ____ in exactly 24 hours. "orbit,rotation,orbit of the earth,revolution"

Instruments on board a satellite alter the signal they return to Earth, so that it does not ___ with the signal coming up." interfere

To be geostationary, a satellite needs to orbit the Earth in the same time as it takes the Earth to do what?" "turn,rotate,spin,turn on its axis,spin on its axis"

What height does the space station Mir orbit at? "300 km,about 300 km,about 300km,about 300 kilometers,300 kilometers,300 kilomtres,about 300 kilometres,300km"

What are satellites used to send TV and telephone messages round the world called? "communications satellites,communications,communication satellites,communication satellite,a communication satellite"

What kind of energy does a spring store? "potential energy,strain energy,potential,strain"

You store energy in a spring when you squash it or ____ it. "stretch it,stretch"

How do you describe a spring that has been stretched beyond its elastic limit? "overstretched,over stretched,over-stretched,as overstretched,as over stretched,as over-stretched,its overstretched,it is overstretched,it's overstretched"

What does a newton meter measure? "Forces,force"

What do you apply to a spring to compress or extend it? "force,a force,forces"

What is stored in the springs when the pinball hits them? "Energy,potential energy,strain energy"

All objects are made up of atoms and ____. "molecules,similar sub-atomic particles"

If a spring has a high elastic constant, will it be easy or difficult to stretch?" "difficult,stiff"

What property of springs allows them to return to their original shape after being squashed? "elasticity,their elasticity,its elasticity"

A spring will always spring back into shape, however much you stretch it. True or false?" "False,no"

How do scientists describe springs with high elastic constants? "stiff,they are stiff,stiff'"

When a spring breaks from repeated small stresses, it is said to have suffered from ___." "fatigue,from fatigue"

What constant do you measure to work out the springyness of a spring? "elastic,elastic constant"

A spring has elasticity because of ____ between its atoms and molecules. "forces,force,the forces,the force"

What is the name for the biggest force you can apply to a piece of material before it loses its elasticity? "elastic limit,the elastic limit,its elastic limit"

What is potential energy converted into when a stretched or squashed spring snaps back into shape? "kinetic,kinetic energy"

You can work out the elastic constant of a spring by dividing force by ____. "change in length,change of length,length change,the change in its length"

What units do you use for an elastic constant? "Newtons per meter,Newtons/meter,N/m,Newton meters,Newtons per metre,Newtons/metre,Newton metres"

If you double the force on a spring, what happens to the amount it compresses or extends?"

A spring has elasticity because of the forces that exist between its ____. "atoms,molecules,atoms and molecules,atoms or molecules"

Is it attracting or repelling forces that cause a squashed spring to spring back to its original size? "repelling,repelling forces,repulsive,repulsive forces"

The handle of a tap acts as a _____? "lever,Lever,a lever"

A ramp reduces the ___ needed to lift a load. "effort,force,Effort,Force"

Do levers increase or decrease the effect of a force? "increase,increase it,increases"

Levers reduce the amount of ____ needed to move things. "force,effort"

You can work out how much a handle helps by measuring a quantity called a _____. "moment,a moment,the moment,its moment"

A screw thread works as if it was a curled up ____. "ramp,a ramp,a curled up ramp"

What moves up and down when you turn the handle on a tap? "washer,stopper,a washer,the washer,the stopper,a stopper"

If you apply a large moment to a lever, does it turn more easily than if you apply a small moment?" "yes,y,yeah,yup"

Will applying a larger moment to a lever make it easier or more difficult to move? "easier,more easily,easy"

What is the rubber stopper inside a tap called? "washer,a washer,the washer"

What sort of energy does flowing water have? "kinetic,kinetic energy"

A lever turns about a fixed point or line. What is this called? "fulcrum,a fulcrum,the fulcrum,its fulcrum"

What is the energy stored in the water trapped in a tap called? "potential,potential energy"

If you were able to ""unwind"" a screw thread, what would you end up with?" "a ramp,ramp,a long ramp"

Will pushing on a lever farther from its fulcrum give a bigger or smaller force? "bigger force,bigger,larger,more force"

What name do scientists use for a turning force? "moment,torque"

Does pushing a lever farther away from its fulcrum mean you have to push it farther, or less far?" "farther,further"

Is it easier to push something up a ramp or lift it straight up? "push it,push,up a ramp,push it up a ramp,ramp"

What units are moments measured in? "newton-meters,Nm,newton-meter,newton meters,newton-metres,newton-metre,Newton metres,newton metres"

A machine that reduces effort is said to have a Mechanical _____. "advantage,Advantage"

Turning effect = Force x ____? distance

How long do radio signals take to reach the moon? "over a second,more than a second,about a second,a second,one second"

Early Luna probes took what and measurements of the moon before crashing into its surface? "pictures,photographs"

Luna 9's TV cameras sent back the first ever pictures of the Moon's what? surface

Which planet did the Sojourner buggy explore in 1997? Mars

Which were the first probes to reach the moon? "the Luna probes,Luna probes,luna"

In which year did the Sojourner buggy explore Mars? "1997,nineteen ninety seven"

The information supplied by space probes enables scientists to build up a picture of the objects where? "in space,space,beyond earth"

The instruments carried by a probe rely on it for transport, protection and what?"

The first probes to explore the moon were the Luna probes. Which country did they come from? "Soviet Union,the Soviet Union,Russia"

How long does it take a radio signal from Earth to reach Mars? "10 minutes,10 mins,ten minutes,over 10 minutes,more then 10 minutes,more than ten minutes"

How many American probes had investigated the Moon before Apollo 11 landed on it? "5,five,five surveyor probes,5 american probes,5 probes,5 american surveyor probes"

In which year did the Sojourner buggy explore Mars? "1997,nineteen ninety-seven"

Long before people landed on the moon, it had been visited by what kind of spacecraft?" "unmanned,unmanned craft,unmanned spacecraft,probes,space probes,lunar probes"

Because the Sojourner buggy was a robot, it could make some of its own what?" "decisions,choices"

Space probes usually carry a number of what? "scientific instruments,instruments"

How fast do radio signals travel? "at the speed of light,speed of light,the speed of light,lightspeed"

What is it called when a probe reaches a planet's surface travelling slowly enough not to be destroyed by the impact? "a soft landing,soft landing,"

The Surveyor probes tested the Moon's surface to see if it would support the pressure exerted by the feet of what? "the apollo lander,apollo lander,lunar lander,apollo,apollo 11"

In which year did Apollo 11 land on the moon? "1969,nineteen sixty-nine"

Which planet did the Sojourner buggy explore in 1997? Mars

Which space probe failed to leave Earth orbit because of a faulty booster rocket? "Mars-96,mars96,mars 96,mars ninety-six"

Can something that is not moving have momentum? "No,n,nope,nah,never"

What property of an object makes it easy or difficult to stop? "momentum,its momentum,the momentum"

What must be applied to an object to stop it moving? "a force,force"

Does energy ever disappear? "No,n,nope,nah,never"

Can energy be changed from one form to another? "yes,y,yup,yeah,it can"

What is another name for the energy of movement? "kinetic energy,kinetic"

What kind of energy is usually lost in a collision? "kinetic energy,kinetic"

What is the sudden jerk backward when one object hits another called? "the recoil,recoil"

If two objects are moving at the same speed, which will have more momentum, the lighter one or the heavier one?"

Do all objects that collide recoil? "Yes,y,yup,yeah,they do"

Which has more momentum, a moving mouse or a mammoth standing still?" "a moving mouse,the mouse,a mouse,mouse,a mouse on the move,a walking mouse"

Mass times velocity gives what? "momentum,the momentum"

How much momentum does a stationary object have? "None,no momentum,zero

If the velocity of an object increases, does its momentum increase or decrease?" "increase,increases,it increases,its momentum increases,momentum increases,the momentum increases"

Will a heavy object recoil more or less after a collision than a light one does? "less,lesser,less than a light one"

If a pinball creates an action force when it collides with a target, what kind of force does the target produce?" "a reaction,a reaction force,reaction force,reaction"

Do action and reaction forces work in the same direction, or opposite directions?" "opposite directions,opposite,opposite direction,the opposite direction"

If two objects of the same mass are moving at different speeds, will it take more force to stop the fast one or the slow one?" "the fast one,the faster,faster,fast,fast one,a fast one"

During a collision, the kinetic energy lost is converted to two other types of energy. What are they?" "heat and sound,heat energy and sound energy,sound energy and heat energy,sound and heat"

What is the momentum of a ball with a mass of 2kg moving at 4 metres/second, measured in kgm/s?" "8kgm/s,8 kgm/s,8,eight"

If you increase the mass and the velocity of an object, will its momentum be more or less than before?" "more,more than before,greater"

What turns the sails of a windmill? "wind,the wind,moving air,currents of air"

Windmill sails used to be made of cloth or what? "wood,wooden slats,slats of wood,wooden"

What are modern windmills that turn wind energy into electricity known as? "wind turbines,""wind turbines"

What do modern wind turbines have instead of sails? "rotor blades,propellers,a rotor blade,propellor,propeller blades"

Wind turbines drive ____ which convert their kinetic energy into electrical energy. generators "genrators,generaters,genorators"

What kind of energy does moving air have? "kinetic,kinetic energy"

What is a whole field full of wind turbines called? "wind farm,a wind farm,"

Heat energy from the sun heats up what? "the atmosphere,the air,air,atmosphere,Earth's atmosphere"

Heat energy from the sun is converted into ____ energy in moving air molecules. "kinetic,kinetic energy"

The ____ that a windmill produces is the amount of energy that it outputs each second. power

How much energy, measured in joules, can a wind turbine generate each second?" "5 million,five million,5 million joules,five million joules"

One watt is equal to how much energy per second? "1 joule,one joule,1 J"

How long can the blades of a wind turbine be? "over 100 meters,100 meters,100 metres,more then 100 meters,over 100 m,100 m,100m,one hundred meters,over 100 metres,100 metres,more then 100 metres,one hundred metres"

What is an energy source that will not run out called? "A renewable energy source,renewable',renewable,renewable energy"

What are energy sources such as coal, oil, and gas called?" "fossil fuels,fossil fuels'"

As the wind will never run out, it is called a _____ energy source." "A renewable energy source,renewable',renewable,renewable energy"

Each blade on a modern wind turbine has the same shape as what? "an airplane propellor,airplane propellor,airplane propeller"

Is warm air lighter or heavier than cool air? "lighter,warm air is lighter,its lighter,it is lighter,lighter than cool"

What unit is equal to one joule per second? "a watt,one watt,watt, 1 watt,the watt"

How much power do wind turbines produce when there is no wind? "None,Zero,0,nothing,zip,nada"

If a light bulb uses power at a rate of 60 watts, how many joules does it use per second?" "60,sixty,60 joules,sixty joules"

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